Despite the truth that water covers about 71% of the earth’s floor, one of the major issues we face right now is water pollution. We have to scale back water air pollution and that’s why there are numerous solutions to resolve this problem.
Sometimes water is contaminated with chemical substances such as oil, dangerous micro organism and different microorganisms. When water is contaminated, the water high quality deteriorates and often turns into toxic, negatively affecting animals, crops and the surroundings.
The finest resolution to forestall water air pollution is to cease it at the source. Fortunately, there are tons of options to reduce water air pollution, corresponding to wastewater therapy, stormwater management and water conservation.
Next, we’ll cowl what water air pollution is, resolution of water air pollution, and how to measure water quality.
Table of Contents
What is water pollution?
What causes water pollution?
10 options to water pollution
Wastewater Treatment
Reducing plastic waste
Water conservation
Water environment friendly bathrooms
Septic tanks
Do not use your rest room as a trash can
Stormwater administration
Green agriculture and wetlands
Denitrification
Ozone wastewater therapy
How do we check and measure water contamination?
pH Testing
Conductivity, salinity and TDS monitoring
Measuring water temperature
Measuring dissolved oxygen
Assessing turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS)
Chlorophyll fluorescence evaluation
CDOM/FDOM monitoring
Summarizing solution of water air pollution
What is water pollution?
Water air pollution is the contamination of any water system or physique of water, from lakes and oceans to groundwater. Thanks to media coverage, we are very conscious of the problem of water air pollution, especially once we are still producing dangerous chemical compounds and entering our waters thus causing a discount or lack of water use.
When water is polluted, acids, bases, oxidizers, and compounds corresponding to copper, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and organic toxins corresponding to benzene, dichloroethane, and ethylene glycol in the sewage can poison aquatic life and affect consuming water sources and scenic landscapes. The organic matter within the sewage is decomposed by microorganisms when consuming oxygen in the water, affecting the lifetime of aquatic organisms. After the dissolved oxygen within the water is depleted, the organic matter undergoes anaerobic decomposition, producing unpleasant gases such as hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan, which further deteriorate the water high quality. It can adversely have an result on plants and animals (which depend on unpolluted water) as well as the sensitive water setting.
Global warming is rising and it’s a problem we can’t afford to turn a blind eye to. With climate change and global warming, our valuable planet is beginning to maneuver towards a water disaster. Our international population is rising, placing demands on water supplies, and in consequence, we’re seeing a rise in waterborne diseases because of the pollution of our waters.
What causes water pollution?
To find a resolution to the issue of water pollution, we should first perceive what causes it. The causes of water pollution can range from overdevelopment to improper sewage remedy.
Once the cause for water pollution is decided, options may be developed to deal with the issue.
Water air pollution can come from any of the following.
Urban growth
Sewage and wastewater
Mining
Agricultural fertilizers and pesticides
Oil spills
Burning of fossil fuels
Ocean dumping
Sewer leaks
Global warming
Acid Rain
Animal manure
Eutrophication
Radioactive waste
10 solutions to water pollution
We can divide the water pollution drawback into 10 main solutions.
Waste water therapy
Reduce plastic waste
Water conservation
Water-saving bogs
Septic tanks
Do not use toilets as garbage bins
Rainwater Management
Green Agriculture and Wetlands
Denitrification
Ozone Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Treatment
Treating water before it enters the waterway system could also be the simplest approach to reduce water pollution – at the source!
Wastewater remedy facilities have the know-how and tools to remove most contaminants through organic, physical and chemical processes. For example, wastewater treatment permits water to flow by way of totally different disinfection chambers to scale back the toxicity levels of water contaminants and forestall leakage into the water system.
To guarantee correct operation of wastewater remedy, common upkeep of the tools is required. This consists of purposes similar to water remedy sensors, which are critical for measuring and eradicating contaminants to scale back water pollution.
Water therapy sensors.
pH sensors
Redox potential (ORP) sensors
Conductivity sensors
Dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors
Turbidity sensors
COD sensors
Ammonia nitrogen sensors
Nitrate sensors
Reducing plastic waste
Plastic waste is a giant downside. The proven fact that more than 10 tons of plastic enter our oceans every year and that there are anticipated to be more plastics than fish by 2050 is alarming! Plastic waste can even corrupt water provides. That’s why it’s necessary to scale back plastic waste and enhance sustainability globally.
Plastic bottles and baggage get most of the media protection, however plastic is coming into water methods in ways you can’t all the time see, and certain don’t realize.
Microplastics are a major problem and are present in
Industrial manufacturing
Synthetic textiles
Clothing
Personal care merchandise (toothpaste, shampoo, etc.)
To reduce plastic waste in our homes, we can do the following.
Recycle plastic
Use alternate options to plastic, such as reusable tableware, meals bags, and so on.
Shop domestically and purchase vegetables and fruits that aren’t packaged in plastic
Buy organic/natural and eco-friendly care merchandise
Water conservation
Do you turn off the tap if you brush your teeth, or turn off the tap whenever you wash your hair within the shower?
Water is a scarce resource, so limiting the quantity of water you utilize each day will assist reduce water air pollution.
Water environment friendly bogs
In the previous, bogs used about three.5 gallons of water per flush, nonetheless, the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) has mandated that every one toilets can only flush 1.6 gallons of water per flush.
Most houses at the moment are constructed with 2 button bogs, one for small flushes (0.8-1.1 gallons of water) and one for full power (1.6 gallons of water). Water-efficient toilets are a step in the right course to preserve water and reduce water pollution.
Having a water-efficient bathroom can prevent cash, too!
Septic tanks
Septic tanks are an effective way to successfully treat wastewater; separating solids from liquids. Septic tanks degrade solids and permit liquids to circulate into the drainage system by way of a biological process.
Using a septic tank reduces water pollution by removing pollution already current within the water.
Do not use your toilet as a trash can
Your toilet just isn’t a trash can; it’s used just for human excrement. Avoid flushing moist wipes, diapers and anything else you think of down the toilet – that’s what a trash can is for.
Flushing these items down the bathroom could cause a clog in the drain, so the sewer system doesn’t work properly. When things are clogged, the water within the wastewater facility or septic tank can’t be cleaned successfully.
Stormwater management
Another way we are able to struggle water air pollution is to handle stormwater each time potential. Stormwater flows along roads and different surfaces and might acquire viruses, micro organism and different dangerous pollutants earlier than coming into sewers, rivers and eventually the ocean.
Treatment and administration of stormwater includes reverse osmosis (RO), advanced oxidation and sand filtration.
Green agriculture and wetlands
Agriculture is a trillion greenback business worldwide, utilizing as a lot as 70% of the floor water supply to satisfy the wants of livestock manufacturing and agriculture.
Because agriculture is such a large industry, it is amongst the leading causes of water air pollution. When it rains, runoff transports pesticides and fertilizers.
Agriculture can be environmentally pleasant and is named green farming. Green farming entails the use of pesticides and fertilizers that do not include harmful chemical substances. It also includes planting timber and creating wetlands to create buffers that filter runoff and water pollution.
Denitrification
When nitrate levels in water are excessive, it creates the proper setting for eutrophication or over-fertilization of runoff to happen. This permits algae and phytoplankton within the water to develop rapidly, lowering water high quality and exacerbating water air pollution issues.
Denitrification is the direct conversion of nitrate to nitrogen. This ecological course of prevents nitrate from leaching into the soil and helps cut back groundwater contamination.
Ozone wastewater treatment
Although this is also a sort of wastewater treatment, it goes via a unique process than conventional wastewater techniques, which is why it’s also necessary to notice this.
Ozonated wastewater therapy makes use of an ozone generator to break down water contaminants. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation or an exothermic subject inside the generator converts oxygen into ozone. This process oxidizes bacteria, organic matter and different water contaminants.
There are also numerous options you’ll be able to tackle yourself to cut back water air pollution.
Report water polluters
Check which water line your drain or sewage pump is related to
Never pour oil, fat and grease down the drain
Use phosphate-free laundry detergents and dishwashing detergents
Dispose of medical and chemical waste correctly – don’t dump medications in bathrooms or rivers
Eat more natural meals
Reduce how much meat you eat
Support environmental charities
Avoid single-use plastic merchandise, corresponding to plastic bottles and plastic food luggage
Always pay consideration to automobile upkeep to forestall oil leaks
Reduce chemical substances and use eco-friendly or natural fertilizers and pesticides
Plant extra trees and plants
If you live on the coast or take away plastic from a river close to your house, do a seaside cleanup
Finally, water air pollution should all the time be at the forefront of your mind in your daily actions
How do we test and measure water contamination?
Testing and measuring water quality can tell us if a physique of water is contaminated. Testing water high quality is among the most important ways to guard delicate aquatic environments and supply clean water for a variety of crops and animals, including humans.
There are some ways to measure water high quality, including numerous parameters similar to pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), ORP and temperature.
There are 7 methods we can take a look at water quality and scale back water air pollution.
pH testing
Conductivity, salinity and TDS monitoring
Measurement of water temperature
Dissolved oxygen measurement
Assessing turbidity and TSS
Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis
CDOM/FDOM monitoring
pH Testing
pH fluctuations can be extremely dangerous in aquatic methods; safe aquatic environments have pH values between 6.0 and eight.zero. Many factors can alter the pH of an aquatic system, quickly making a toxic setting.
pH may be examined utilizing colorimetric or electrochemical methods.
Colorimetric strategies embrace pH indicators and litmus paper. They are easy to make use of and inexpensive, however for accurate pH readings, electrochemical methods such as pH controller are highly really helpful. The pH meter needs to be calibrated prior to make use of.
You can find more information about pH sensors and their totally different applications here.
Conductivity, salinity and TDS monitoring
The conductivity of water tells us the standard of the water and likewise affects the salinity and TDS (total dissolved solids) of the water. Analyzing water quality could be measured utilizing conductivity, TDS and salinity meters.
Even if each meter measures a unique water parameter, the outcomes will collaborate with one another to indicate how a lot water contamination is present.
Measuring water temperature
Temperature is a vital water quality parameter as a outcome of it affects other parameters within the water system.
There are a wide range of thermometers, temperature controllers and temperature sensors that may report correct readings.
Measuring dissolved oxygen
Measuring dissolved oxygen in wastewater therapy and water bodies is important as a end result of DO ranges below 6 mg/L can be toxic to aquatic ecosystems.
Most commonly used are DO electrochemical sensors, however optical DO sensors, colorimetric methods can also be used.
Assessing turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS)
Turbidity is the degree to which water becomes cloudy and is a vital take a look at of water quality. tss (total suspended solids) and decaying plant and animal matter can alter turbidity levels, usually reducing the amount of light that passes through the water.
A sudden improve in turbidity indicates water contamination, often brought on by the inflow of heavy metals and different sewage.
The easiest method to measure turbidity is with a turbidity tube or Secchi disc, but for more correct measurements, a turbidity meter is really helpful.
Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis
When water bodies become eutrophic, oxygen levels are depleted and nitrogen and phosphorus levels increase, creating a poisonous setting for vegetation and animals. Measuring algal development and water high quality might help reduce water pollution.
Chlorophyll fluorescence is measured with a chlorophyll sensor, which information the proportion of wet chemistry and energetic chlorophyll.
CDOM/FDOM monitoring
CDOM (colored dissolved organic matter) is naturally current in water our bodies. UV mild is absorbed by the organic matter and breaks right down to launch the organic contaminant tannin, which makes the water cloudy. Tannins are related to reducing the pH and depleting the oxygen content of the water. When CDOM fluoresces, it is known as fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM).
Photoelectric sensors are used to measure CDOM/FDOM. they measure the supply of light and the focus of dissolved organic matter (DOM).
Summarizing solution of water pollution
Water air pollution is an extremely necessary problem we are presently going through, which is why options must be developed to guard the aquatic surroundings, human health, and different animals (and plants) that rely upon water methods.
Testing เกจวัดแรงดันปั๊มลมpuma will determine water high quality so that water pollution may be identified.
If you would like extra information on what water high quality testing equipment we provide, please feel free to contact Apure. We look forward to answering any questions you may have..
As you try to learn how to deal with #keyword#, try to discover what will work the best over the long term. Normally what goes on is that people perform fantastic with #keyword# for a time and then slip back in to older habits. You should not have that hard a time keeping away from this when you find yourself dependable in your endeavours and are genuinely established to get to where you would like to go. You must not feel too badly whenever things are complicated initially, each and every brand new tactic that you take up will require an interval of realignment. #links# is a superb source when you need some help remaining encouraged.
Despite the truth that water covers about 71% of the earth’s surface, one of the primary problems we face right now is water pollution. We have to scale back water air pollution and that’s why there are many solutions to solve this problem.
Sometimes water is contaminated with chemical compounds corresponding to oil, harmful micro organism and different microorganisms. When water is contaminated, the water quality deteriorates and usually turns into poisonous, negatively affecting animals, crops and the surroundings.
The best answer to forestall water air pollution is to stop it at the supply. Fortunately, there are lots of solutions to cut back water air pollution, such as wastewater therapy, stormwater administration and water conservation.
Next, we’ll cover what water pollution is, resolution of water air pollution, and how to measure water quality.
Table of Contents
What is water pollution?
What causes water pollution?
10 solutions to water pollution
Wastewater Treatment
Reducing plastic waste
Water conservation
Water environment friendly toilets
Septic tanks
Do not use your rest room as a trash can
Stormwater administration
Green agriculture and wetlands
Denitrification
Ozone wastewater treatment
How can we test and measure water contamination?
pH Testing
Conductivity, salinity and TDS monitoring
Measuring water temperature
Measuring dissolved oxygen
Assessing turbidity and complete suspended solids (TSS)
Chlorophyll fluorescence evaluation
CDOM/FDOM monitoring
Summarizing answer of water air pollution
What is water pollution?
Water air pollution is the contamination of any water system or physique of water, from lakes and oceans to groundwater. Thanks to media protection, we are very conscious of the problem of water pollution, particularly after we are still producing harmful chemicals and entering our waters thus inflicting a reduction or loss of water use.
When water is polluted, acids, bases, oxidizers, and compounds similar to copper, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and natural toxins similar to benzene, dichloroethane, and ethylene glycol within the sewage can poison aquatic life and affect drinking water sources and scenic landscapes. The organic matter in the sewage is decomposed by microorganisms when consuming oxygen within the water, affecting the life of aquatic organisms. After the dissolved oxygen within the water is depleted, the natural matter undergoes anaerobic decomposition, producing disagreeable gases similar to hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan, which further deteriorate the water high quality. It can adversely affect plants and animals (which depend upon unpolluted water) in addition to the delicate water surroundings.
Global warming is growing and it is a problem we cannot afford to show a blind eye to. With local weather change and global warming, our treasured planet is beginning to move toward a water crisis. Our world population is growing, placing demands on water supplies, and consequently, we’re seeing an increase in waterborne illnesses because of the air pollution of our waters.
What causes water pollution?
To find a solution to the issue of water air pollution, we must first perceive what causes it. The causes of water pollution can vary from overdevelopment to improper sewage therapy.
Once the reason for water pollution is determined, solutions could be developed to address the problem.
Water air pollution can come from any of the next.
Urban growth
Sewage and wastewater
Mining
Agricultural fertilizers and pesticides
Oil spills
Burning of fossil fuels
Ocean dumping
Sewer leaks
Global warming
Acid Rain
Animal manure
Eutrophication
Radioactive waste
10 options to water air pollution
We can divide the water air pollution downside into 10 main solutions.
Waste water treatment
Reduce plastic waste
Water conservation
Water-saving bathrooms
Septic tanks
Do not use bogs as garbage bins
Rainwater Management
Green Agriculture and Wetlands
Denitrification
Ozone Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Treatment
Treating water before it enters the waterway system may be the simplest approach to scale back water pollution – at the source!
Wastewater treatment facilities have the know-how and tools to take away most contaminants by way of organic, physical and chemical processes. For instance, wastewater therapy permits water to move via completely different disinfection chambers to cut back the toxicity levels of water contaminants and prevent leakage into the water system.
To ensure correct operation of wastewater treatment, regular upkeep of the equipment is required. This contains applications corresponding to water therapy sensors, which are crucial for measuring and eradicating contaminants to scale back water pollution.
Water therapy sensors.
pH sensors
Redox potential (ORP) sensors
Conductivity sensors
Dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors
Turbidity sensors
COD sensors
Ammonia nitrogen sensors
Nitrate sensors
Reducing plastic waste
Plastic waste is an enormous downside. The proven fact that greater than 10 tons of plastic enter our oceans yearly and that there are expected to be extra plastics than fish by 2050 is alarming! Plastic waste can also corrupt water provides. That’s why it’s necessary to minimize back plastic waste and enhance sustainability globally.
Plastic bottles and luggage get many of the media coverage, but plastic is entering water methods in methods you can’t all the time see, and sure don’t notice.
Microplastics are a serious drawback and are found in
Industrial manufacturing
Synthetic textiles
Clothing
Personal care merchandise (toothpaste, shampoo, etc.)
To cut back plastic waste in our homes, we will do the next.
Recycle plastic
Use options to plastic, similar to reusable tableware, food bags, etc.
Shop locally and buy vegetables and fruits that are not packaged in plastic
Buy organic/natural and eco-friendly care products
Water conservation
Do you turn off the tap whenever you brush your tooth, or flip off the faucet if you wash your hair in the shower?
Water is a scarce useful resource, so limiting the quantity of water you employ each day will assist scale back water air pollution.
Water efficient toilets
In the past, bathrooms used about 3.5 gallons of water per flush, nonetheless, the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) has mandated that every one toilets can solely flush 1.6 gallons of water per flush.
Most houses at the moment are constructed with 2 button toilets, one for small flushes (0.8-1.1 gallons of water) and one for full power (1.6 gallons of water). Water-efficient bogs are a step in the proper direction to conserve water and reduce water pollution.
Having a water-efficient bathroom can save you money, too!
Septic tanks
Septic tanks are a nice way to successfully treat wastewater; separating solids from liquids. Septic tanks degrade solids and allow liquids to move into the drainage system through a biological course of.
Using a septic tank reduces water pollution by removing pollution already current in the water.
Do not use your bathroom as a trash can
Your bathroom just isn’t a trash can; it’s used only for human excrement. Avoid flushing moist wipes, diapers and anything else you think of down the bathroom – that’s what a trash can is for.
Flushing these items down the bathroom may cause a clog within the drain, so the sewer system does not work correctly. When things are clogged, the water in the wastewater facility or septic tank can’t be cleaned effectively.
Stormwater management
Another way we are ready to battle water air pollution is to handle stormwater each time attainable. Stormwater flows alongside roads and different surfaces and can gather viruses, bacteria and other harmful pollutants before coming into sewers, rivers and ultimately the ocean.
Treatment and management of stormwater includes reverse osmosis (RO), superior oxidation and sand filtration.
Green agriculture and wetlands
Agriculture is a trillion dollar industry worldwide, utilizing up to 70% of the surface water supply to meet the wants of livestock production and agriculture.
Because agriculture is such a large business, it is probably one of the main causes of water air pollution. When it rains, runoff transports pesticides and fertilizers.
Agriculture can be environmentally friendly and is called green farming. Green farming entails the use of pesticides and fertilizers that don’t include dangerous chemical compounds. It also involves planting timber and creating wetlands to create buffers that filter runoff and water pollution.
Denitrification
When nitrate ranges in water are high, it creates the perfect surroundings for eutrophication or over-fertilization of runoff to happen. This permits algae and phytoplankton in the water to develop rapidly, reducing water quality and exacerbating water pollution issues.
Denitrification is the direct conversion of nitrate to nitrogen. This ecological course of prevents nitrate from leaching into the soil and helps cut back groundwater contamination.
Ozone wastewater therapy
Although this is also a kind of wastewater remedy, it goes via a unique course of than conventional wastewater techniques, which is why it’s also necessary to notice this.
Ozonated wastewater treatment makes use of an ozone generator to interrupt down water contaminants. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation or an exothermic field contained in the generator converts oxygen into ozone. This process oxidizes bacteria, natural matter and different water contaminants.
There are also a variety of solutions you possibly can tackle yourself to scale back water air pollution.
Report water polluters
Check which water line your drain or sewage pump is related to
Never pour oil, fat and grease down the drain
Use phosphate-free laundry detergents and dishwashing detergents
Dispose of medical and chemical waste correctly – don’t dump medicines in toilets or rivers
Eat more organic meals
Reduce how a lot meat you eat
Support environmental charities
Avoid single-use plastic products, corresponding to plastic bottles and plastic food baggage
Always pay attention to vehicle upkeep to prevent oil leaks
Reduce chemical compounds and use eco-friendly or organic fertilizers and pesticides
Plant more bushes and plants
If you reside on the coast or remove plastic from a river close to your home, do a seaside cleanup
Finally, water air pollution ought to at all times be on the forefront of your thoughts in your day by day activities
How can we take a look at and measure water contamination?
Testing and measuring water high quality can tell us if a physique of water is contaminated. Testing water high quality is considered one of the most necessary methods to protect delicate aquatic environments and supply clear water for a extensive range of crops and animals, together with humans.
There are many ways to measure water quality, including varied parameters corresponding to pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), ORP and temperature.
There are 7 methods we will check water quality and reduce water air pollution.
pH testing
Conductivity, salinity and TDS monitoring
Measurement of water temperature
Dissolved oxygen measurement
Assessing turbidity and TSS
Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis
CDOM/FDOM monitoring
pH Testing
pH fluctuations may be extremely harmful in aquatic systems; protected aquatic environments have pH values between 6.0 and 8.zero. Many elements can alter the pH of an aquatic system, quickly making a toxic environment.
pH could be tested using colorimetric or electrochemical methods.
Colorimetric strategies embrace pH indicators and litmus paper. They are easy to make use of and inexpensive, but for accurate pH readings, electrochemical methods corresponding to pH controller are extremely really helpful. The pH meter needs to be calibrated prior to use.
You can find extra details about pH sensors and their different functions here.
Conductivity, salinity and TDS monitoring
The conductivity of water tells us the standard of the water and also affects the salinity and TDS (total dissolved solids) of the water. Analyzing water quality may be measured using conductivity, TDS and salinity meters.
Even if each meter measures a special water parameter, the results will collaborate with each other to indicate how much water contamination is present.
Measuring water temperature
Temperature is a vital water high quality parameter because it impacts different parameters within the water system.
There are a big selection of thermometers, temperature controllers and temperature sensors that can document accurate readings.
Measuring dissolved oxygen
Measuring dissolved oxygen in wastewater treatment and water our bodies is essential as a result of DO levels under 6 mg/L may be poisonous to aquatic ecosystems.
Most generally used are DO electrochemical sensors, but optical DO sensors, colorimetric strategies may also be used.
Assessing turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS)
Turbidity is the diploma to which water turns into cloudy and is a vital test of water high quality. tss (total suspended solids) and decaying plant and animal matter can alter turbidity ranges, usually decreasing the quantity of sunshine that passes via the water.
A sudden increase in turbidity indicates water contamination, usually caused by the inflow of heavy metals and other sewage.
The easiest way to measure turbidity is with a turbidity tube or Secchi disc, however for extra correct measurements, a turbidity meter is really helpful.
Chlorophyll fluorescence evaluation
When water bodies turn out to be eutrophic, oxygen ranges are depleted and nitrogen and phosphorus levels increase, making a toxic surroundings for vegetation and animals. Measuring algal progress and water quality might help cut back water pollution.
Chlorophyll fluorescence is measured with a chlorophyll sensor, which information the proportion of wet chemistry and active chlorophyll.
CDOM/FDOM monitoring
CDOM (colored dissolved organic matter) is of course present in water bodies. UV light is absorbed by the organic matter and breaks down to launch the natural contaminant tannin, which makes the water cloudy. Tannins are related to lowering the pH and depleting the oxygen content material of the water. When CDOM fluoresces, it’s referred to as fluorescent dissolved natural matter (FDOM).
Photoelectric sensors are used to measure CDOM/FDOM. they measure the provision of sunshine and the focus of dissolved organic matter (DOM).
Summarizing resolution of water pollution
Water air pollution is an extremely important problem we’re currently dealing with, which is why solutions should be developed to protect the aquatic environment, human health, and different animals (and plants) that depend on water techniques.
Testing completely different water parameters will decide water quality so that water pollution may be identified.
If you want to extra data on what water quality testing equipment we provide, please feel free to contact Apure. We sit up for answering any questions you may have..